Effects of IL-10 and age on IL-6, IL-1 , and TNF- responses in mouse skeletal and cardiac muscle to an acute inflammatory insult

Meador BM, Krzyszton CP, Johnson RW, Huey KA. Effects of IL-10 and age on IL-6, IL-1 , and TNFresponses in mouse skeletal and cardiac muscle to an acute inflammatory insult. J Appl Physiol 104: 991–997, 2008. First published January 24, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01079.2007.—Exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine responses can be observed with aging, and reduced levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 may contribute to these responses. IL-10 can reduce IL-6, IL-1 , and TNFexpression in nonmuscle tissues; however, no studies have examined the combined effects of IL-10 and age on cytokine responses in skeletal and cardiac muscle. These experiments tested the hypothesis that the absence of IL-10, in vivo, is associated with greater IL-6, TNF, and IL-1 responses to an inflammatory challenge in skeletal and cardiac muscle and that aging exaggerates these responses. We compared IL-6, IL-1 , and TNFmRNA and protein levels in skeletal and cardiac muscle of young (4 mo) and mature (10–11 mo) wild-type (IL-10 / ) and IL-10 deficient (IL-10 / ) mice following LPS. Skeletal and cardiac IL-6 mRNA and protein were elevated by LPS for IL-10 / and IL-10 / mice with greater responses in the IL-10 / mice (P 0.01). In skeletal muscle these effects were greater in mature than young mice (P 0.01). IL-1 mRNA and protein responses to LPS were greater in cardiac muscle of young but not mature IL-10 / mice compared with IL-10 / (P 0.01). However, IL-1 responses were greater in mature than young mice, but only in IL-10 / groups (P 0.05). The absence of IL-10 was associated with higher TNFprotein levels in cardiac muscle (P 0.05). The results provide the first in vivo evidence that the absence of IL-10 is associated with a greater IL-6 response to LPS in skeletal and cardiac muscles, and in skeletal muscle aging further exaggerates these responses.